Hambatan dalam Mewujudkan Open Defecation Free

Cross-sectional health indicator study of open defecation-free villages in Madhya Pradesh, India

Tapas Chakma is Deputy Director, and J. Bhatt, P.V. Rao, P. Meshram and S.B. Singh work for the Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals, Jabalpur, India; Sam Godfrey is Water and Environmental Sanitation Specialist, UNICEF, Mozambique (formerly Bhopal, India). The authors are grateful to UNICEF, Madhya Pradesh Offi ce for fi nancial support for the project, to Mr Aditya Swami for assisting...

Enabling Factors for Sustaining Open Defecation-Free Communities in Rural Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) programmes, like the Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) programme of the Government of Indonesia, have played a significant role in reducing open defecation though still little is known about the sustainability of the outcomes. We assessed the sustainability of verified Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages and explored the association betwee...

Free Open Access

Free/Open Source Software

This position paper provides an overview of the Open Source Software movement and defines how companies can approach, exploit, and learn from it. More specifically, this position paper will first provide the needed details on Open Source licensing models – a key element to be aware of in order to safely approach Open Source. Then, it will provide motivating rationales for getting involved in Op...

Hydrodynamics of defecation.

Animals discharge feces within a range of sizes and shapes. Such variation has long been used to track animals as well as to diagnose illnesses in both humans and animals. However, the physics by which feces are discharged remain poorly understood. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the defecation of mammals from cats to elephants using the dimensions of large i...